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Research Focus
Coronary artery disease generally leads to regional ischemia (no nutritive
supply), resulting in a decrease in regional mechanical function. Currently,
available techniques do not offer the high spatial resolution needed to
determine the heterogeneous mechanical function of the heart. A method
has been developed to determine regional function in the heart. This method
is a whole field technique that offers high spatial resolution and is
used to investigate the effects of regional ischemia on heart function.
Various strategies used in the operating room to protect the heart undergoing
cardiac surgery are also being investigated. This includes determining
the restoration of mechanical function by angiogenesis, a process that
involves new blood vessel formation.
Education
- Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering State University of New York at Stony
Brook 5/2002
Dissertation Title: Determination of Regional Myocardial Function
Using Computer Aided Speckle Interferometry
- M.S. Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 6/1992
- B.S. Mechanical Engineering University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth
5/1989
Research and Professional Experience
- 7/02- Present Assistant Professor – Department of Biomedical
Engineering. State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook,
NY.
- Developed senior undergraduate biomedical engineering design course,
which integrates biology and engineering. This is a two semester course
and provides the student with problems ranging from molecular biosensors
to organ level biomechanics. Course co-director for graduate level
course. Responsible for developing a research program in cardiovascular
biomechanics, which investigates clinically relevant problems at the
molecular, cellular and organ level.
- 7/02- Present Member – Institute for Molecular Cardiology. State
University of New York at Stony Brook.
- Collaborated with basic scientist and clinician interesting in cardiovascular
research on the molecular, cellular, and organ level.
- 8/97- Present Director – Cardiothoracic Surgery Research. State
University of New York at Stony Brook, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
Stony Brook, NY.
- Supervise laboratory staff that includes post-doctoral research
fellows, graduate, undergraduate, and high school students. Initiated
collaborations with many different research groups including biomedical
engineering, mechanical engineering, physiology and biophysics.
- 8/92-7/97 Senior Research Assistant. Harvard Medical School/Beth Israel
Deaconess Medical Center, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Boston,
MA.
- Responsible for daily operations of a large animal physiology laboratory.
Performed cardiac surgical procedures on sheep, pigs, and rabbits. Developed
acquisition and analysis techniques and programs for data interpretation.
Presented results in regional and national forums.
- 9/90-6/92 Graduate Research Assistant. Georgia Institute of Technology,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Atlanta, GA.
- Investigated changes in mechanical strain in the area of an anastomosis.
Worked with mechanical and biomedical engineers and vascular surgeons.
- 6/89-8/90 Engineer. General Dynamics/Electric Boat Division, Groton,
CT.
- Worked on classified government projects in the field of structures
and shielding for nuclear powered surface ships.
Funding
Past
- Whole Field Deformation Measurements of the Heart with CASI
Senior Research Associate – (PI: F.P. Chiang, PhD – Dept
of Mechanical Engineering)
Agency: National Science Foundation
Type: BES-9903516
Period: 6/99-5/02
Total Cost: $237, 025
The focus of this grant is to develop the technique of computer aided
speckle interferometry to accurately measure regional functional changes
simultaneously over many small regions of the heart. This grant is the
direct result of a collaboration I initiated between mechanical engineering
and surgery. I was personally responsible for a larger portion of the
development and execution of this grant.
- Flow Induced Thromboembolism and the Effect of Implantation Techniques
in Mechanical Heart Valves
Senior Research Associate – (PI: D. Bluestein, PhD – Dept
of Biomedical Engineering)
Agency: American Heart Association
Type: Scientist Development Grant
Period: 1/99-12/02
Total Cost: $259,403
This grant will advance our understanding of flow-induced thromboembolism
in mechanical heart valves to help design better implants, and will
offer quantitative information to cardiothoracic surgeons regarding
recommended implantation techniques. My contributions include performing
aortic valve replacement surgery in sheep and consulting on the physiological
and clinical relevance of the model.
Current
- A Functional Assessment of Angiogenesis in the Heart
Principle Investigator
Agency: New York State Office of Science, Technology & Academic
Research
Type: James D. Watson Investigator Program
Period: 1/03-12/04
Total Cost: $200,000
This proposal will determine, with high spatial resolution, the recovery
of mechanical function in the regionally ischemic heart consequent to
angiogenesis therapy. In addition, we will use our novel long-term delivery
system to overcome a major obstacle in current angiogenesis therapies.
Finally, we will determine the location for myocardial injections to
result in maximum recovery of function in the ischemic heart.
- 3-D Imaging Technique for Applications in Anthropometry
Senior Research Associate – (PI: P. Huang, PhD - Dept of Mechanical
Engineering)
Agency: National Institutes of Health
Type: PAR-98-047
Period: 6/01-5/03
Total Cost: $225,750
The aim of this project is to develop a novel optical measurement technique
for determining changes in chest cavity volume. This grant is largely
the result of another collaboration I initiated between mechanical engineering
and surgery. I was responsible for the development of some of the specific
aims.
- Drug Delivery Films Designed to Prevent Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation
Co-Investigator – (PI: W. Chen, PhD - Dept of Biomedical Engineering)
Agency: Center for Biotechnology
Type: Innovation Technology Development Grant
Period: 7/02-6/03
Total Cost: $40,000
The aim of this project is to develop a novel biodegradable film for
delivering anti-inflammatory agents to the atrium. As we have recently
shown that inflammation plays a significant role in post-operative atrial
fibrillation, we hypothesize that this film will reduce the incidence
of post operative atrial fibrillation.
Pending
- Using Nanotechnology to Develop an Ibuprofen Embedded Film
Research Scientist – (P.I. - Stonybrook Tech & Applied Research,
Inc)
Agency: National Institutes of Health
Type: SBIR (PA)
Period: 11/02-10/04
Total Cost: $400,000
I will be collaborating with investigators from the Department of Chemistry
and Stonybrook Technology & Applied Research, Inc. to develop a
thin film that will release an anti-inflammatory drug.
- Cardiac Surgical Ischemia: Biophysical Aspects
Senior Research Scientist – (PI: I.B. Krukenkamp, MD – Dept
of Surgery)
Agency: National Institutes of Health
Type: R01
Period: 12/02-11/07
Total Cost: $1,881,250
This translational research will develop an understanding of the biophysical
mechanisms and triggers that will direct the development of specific
methods to enhance the clinical conduct and outcome of cardiac ischemia
for patients who must undergo surgical repair. I was responsible for
much of the development of this proposal, including designing and performing
pilot studies to begin testing our hypotheses.
Publications
Click
here to search Glenn Gaudette's PubMed listings
Research Articles:
- Burns PG, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone CA, Gaudette GR, Levitsky, S. Intramyocardial
assessment of regional ischemia during maximally unloaded contraction.
Surgical Forum 1993; 44:230-232.
- Caldarone CA, Krukenkamp IB, Burns PG, Gaudette GR, Schulman JP,
Levitsky S. Does senescence alter myocardial tolerance to blood cardioplegia?
Surgical Forum 1993;44:247-249.
- Caldarone CA, Krukenkamp IB, Burns PG, Misare BD, Gaudette GR, Levitsky
S. Ischemia-dependent efficacy of phosphodiesterase inhibition. Annals
of Thoracic Surgery 1994; 57:540-545.
- Burns PG, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone C, Gaudette GR, Levitsky S. Is
the myoprotective ischemic preconditioning response age and/or model
dependent? Surgical Forum 1994; 45:212-214.
- Caldarone CA, Krukenkamp IB, Burns P, Gaudette GR, Levitsky S. Ischemia-dependent
efficacy of phosphodiesterase inhibition. Annals of Thoracic Surgery
1994; 57:540-545.
- Myrmel T, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone CA, Burns PA, Gaudette G, Levitsky
S. Limitations of R-average as an index of left ventricular isovolumic
relaxation. Clinical Physiology 1995; 15:447-458.
- Bukhari EA, Krukenkamp IB, Burns PG, Gaudette GR, Schulman JJ, Al-Fagih
MR, Levitsky S. Does Aprotinin increase the myocardial damage in the
setting of ischemia and preconditioning. Annals of Thoracic Surgery
1995; 60:307-310.
- Caldarone CA, Krukenkamp IB, Burns PG, Gaudette GR, Schulman J, Levitsky
S. Blood cardioplegia in the senescent heart. Journal of Thoracic and
Cardiovascular Surgery 1995; 109:269-74.
- Burns PG, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone CA, Gaudette GR, Bukhari EA, Levitsky,
S. Does cardiopulmonary bypass alone elicit myoprotective preconditioning?
Circulation 1995; 92:II-447-451.
- Kirvaitis RJ, Krukenkamp IB, Bukhari EA, Gaudette GR, Miyatakae T,
Levitsky S. Pinacidil induced hyperpolarized cold blood cardioplegia:
a novel myoprotective strategy. Surgical Forum 1995; 46:224-226.
- Kirvaitis RJ, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Miyatake T, Levitsky S;
Phorbol-12,13,dibutyrate and pinacidil cardiopleagia: novel forms of
myoprotection. Circulation 1996; 94: II-381-II388.
- Burns PG, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone CA, Gaudette GR, Kirvaitis RJ,
Levitsky, S; Is the preconditioning response conserved in senescent
myocardium? Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1996; 61: 925-929.
- Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Levitsky S. Pharmacologic
preconditioning with pinacidil provides superior electrophysiological
and mechanical preservation for the heart undergoing minimally invasive
revascularization. Surgical Forum 1996; 47:295-297.
- Uematsu M, Gaudette GR, Laurikka JO, Levitsky S, McCully JD. Adenosine-enhanced
ischemic preconditioning decreases infarct in the regional ischemic
sheep heart. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1998; 66(2):382-7.
- Gaudette GR, Horimoto H, Krukenkamp IB. Protection of the heart undergoing
minimally invasive surgery: When is ischemic preconditioning detrimental
or beneficial? Surgical Forum 1998; 49:214-215.
- Horimoto H, Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB. Nitric oxide is a requisite
cofactor to generate adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel
mediated preconditioning. Surgical Forum 1998; 49:202-203.
- Horimoto H, Saltman AE, Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB. Nitric oxide
generating beta adrenergic blocker nipradilol preserves post ischemic
cardiac function. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999; 68:844-849.
- Aksehirli TO, Valiunas V, Gaudette GR, Matsuyama N, Brink P, Krukenkamp
IB. Uncoupling the myocardial gap junctions preconditions the rabbit
heart independently of the K+ATP channels. Surgical Forum 1999; 50:100-101.
- Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB, Saltman AE, Horimoto H, Kiraitis RJ,
Levitsky S. Preconditioning with PKC and the ATP sensitive potassium
channels: a codependent relationship. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000;
70:602-608.
- Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Horimoto H, Levitsky S. Pharmacological
preconditioning with the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium
channel opener pinacidil. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2000; 70: 595-601.
- Horimoto H, Gaudette GR, Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB. The role of nitric
oxide, KATP channels, and cGMP in the preconditioning response of the
rabbit. Journal of Surgical Research 2000; 92:56-63.
- Matsuyama N, Leavens JE, McKinnon D, Gaudette GR, Aksehirli TO, Krukenkamp
IB. Ischemic but not pharmacological preconditioning requires protein
synthesis. Circulation 2000; 102(Supp):III-312-III-318.
- Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Horimoto H, Levitsky S. Amrinone
preconditioning in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. Annals of Thoracic
Surgery 2000; 70:609-613.
- Saltman AE, Chandy J, Gaudette GR, Murtha J, Krukenkamp IB. The topical
application of antiinflammatory drugs prevents postoperative atrial
fibrillation in a canine model. Surgical Forum 2000; 51:76-79.
- Gaudette GR, Todaro J, Krukenkamp IB, Chiang FP. Computer aided speckle
interferometry: a technique for measuring deformation on the surface
of the heart. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2001; 29:775-780.
- Irie H, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Saltman AE, Brinkmann JFF, Abumrad
NA, Ibrahimi A. The CD36 protein is an important modulator of ischemic/reperfusion
injury in the murine heart. Surgical Forum 2001; 52: 72-74.
- Horimoto H, Krukenkamp IB, Saltman AE, Gaudette GR, Levitsky S. Nicorandil
exerts myocardial preconditioning by opening mitochondrial rather than
sarcolemmal ATP-dependent potassium channel. International Journal of
Surgical Investigations 2001; 3: 277-285.
- Gao J. Wymore RS, Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB, Cohen IS, Mathias RT.
Isoform specific stimulation of the Na/K pump by nanomolar concentrations
of Glycosides. Journal of General Physiology 2002; 119: 297-312.
- Saltman AE, Aksehirli TO, Valiunas V, Gaudette GR, Matsuyama N, Brink
P, Krukenkamp IB. Gap junction uncoupling protects the heart against
ischemia. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2002; 124:
371-376.
- Reitano E, Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB. Effects of aspirin on the
cardioprotective benefits of arachidonic acid in ischemic preconditioning.
International Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science (In press,
2002).
- Irie H, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Saltman AE, Brinkmann JFF, Abumrad
NA, Ibrahimi A. The CD36/FAT protein is an important mediator of ischemic
tolerance in the murine heart. American Journal of Physiology (submitted,
2002).
- Gaudette GR, Lense M, Todaro J, Azeloglu E, Keene L, Saltman AE,
Krukenkamp IB, Chiang FP. Effects of ischemia on epicardial deformation
in the passive rabbit heart. Journal of Biomedical Engineering (submitted,
2001).
- Saltman AE, Gaudette GR, Tselentakis EV, Woodford EJ, Chandy J, Krukenkamp
IB. The topical application of anti-inflammatory drugs prevents postoperative
atrial fibrillation in a canine model. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular
Surgery (submitted, 2002).
- Gao J, Mathias RT, Cohen IS, Zuckerman J, Gaudette GR, Irie H, Saltman
AE, Krukenkamp IB. Ischemic preconditioning preserves the normal current-voltage
relationship in isolated rabbit ventricular myocytes. Circulation Research
(submitted, 2002).
- Gaudette GR, Azeloglu E, Todaro J, Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB, Chiang
FP. Determination of regional function with high spatial resolution
in the beating heart. (in progress).
Conference Proceedings:
- Gaudette GR, Chiang FP, Todaro J, Krukenkamp IB. Using computer aided
speckle interferometry to measure pressure effects on the heart. Proceeds
from the 1999 ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference 1999; PVP-Vol.
392:309-318.
- Gaudette GR, Chiang FP, Todaro J, Krukenkamp IB. A novel technique
for measuring regional deformation with high spatial resolution in the
beating heart. Proceeds from the ASME 1999 International Mechanical
Engineering Congress and Exposition – 1999 Advances in Biomedical
Engineering 1999; BED-Vol 43:239-240.
- Gaudette GR, Todaro J, Guan E, Krukenkamp IB, Chiang FP. Using computer
aided speckle interferometry to measure deformation in the non-beating
perfused rabbit heart. Proceeds from the ASME 2000 International Mechanical
Engineering Congress and Exposition – 2000 Advances in Biomedical
Engineering 2000; BED-Vol.48: 125-126.
- Gaudette GR, Todaro J, Azeloglu EA, Krukenkamp IB, Chiang FP. Determination
of regional stroke work with high spatial resolution in the isolated
rabbit heart. Proceeds from the ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering
Congress and Exposition – 2001 Advances in Biomedical Engineering
2001.
Book Chapters
- Gaudette GR, Azeloglu E, Todaro J, Keene L, Krukenkamp IB, Chiang
FP. The application of speckle metrology to the heart. In Recent Advance
in Experimental Mechanics. E. E. Gdoutos, Editor; Kluwer Academic Publishers;
2002.
Abstracts
- Caldarone CA, Krukenkamp IB, Burns PG, Gaudette GR, Myrmel T, Levitsky
S; Single beat mitral occlusion in the in vivo ejecting heart: the trisection
of myocardial mechanics. Journal of the American College of Cardiologist
1994; 23:164A.
- Burns PG, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone CA, Gaudette GR, Levitsky, S;
Redefining regional myocardial function. Journal of the American College
of Cardiologist 1994; 23:164A.
- Burns PG, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone CA, Gaudette GR, Levitsky, S;
Regional internal cardiac work is dependent on coronary blood flow in
maximally unloaded contraction. The FASEB Journal 1994; 8:A592.
- Burns PG, Krukenkamp IB, Caldarone CA, Gaudette GR, Bukhari EA, Levitsky,
S; Does cardiopulmonary bypass alone elicit myoprotective preconditioning?
Circulation 1994; 90:I-423.
- Bukhari EA, Krukenkamp IB, Burns PG, Gaudette GR, Schulman JJ, Al-Fagih
MR, Levitsky S; Does aprotinin increase the myocardial damage in the
setting of ischemia and preconditioning. Society of Thoracic Surgeons,
Program of the Thirty-first Annual Meeting, 1995; 68-9.
- Kirvaitis RJ, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Miyatake T, Levitsky, S;
Phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate and pinacidil cardioplegia: novel forms of
myoprotection. Circulation 1995; 92(8): I-513-4.
- Kirvaitis RJ, Krukenkamp IB, Khaw B, Burns PG, Gaudette GR, Petrov
A, Goldfaden A, Schulman J, Levitsky S. Ischemically preconditioned
myocardium is vulnerable to reperfusion induced injury. Journal of the
American College of Cardiologist 1996; 27:92A.
- Kirvaitis RJ, Krukenkamp IB, Bukhari EA, Gaudette GR, Miyatake T,
Al-Fagih MR, Levitsky S; The effects of aprotinin and amicar on preconditioning
in regional ischemia. The FASEB Journal 1996; 10(3): A323.
- Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB, Burns PG, Caldarone CA, Levitsky S; Quantifying
regional coronary venous drainage during ischemia and reperfusion. The
FASEB Journal 1996; 10(3): A35.
- Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Levitsky S. Amrinone preconditioning
provides electrophysiological and mechanical protection equivalent to
ischemic preconditioning. Circulation 1996; 94(8): I-114.
- Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Levitsky S. Phenylephrine
reverses the vasodilatory effect of potassium channel openers yet preserves
their preconditioning properties. Circulation 1996; 94(8): I-415.
- Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB, Gaudette GR, Levitsky S. The effect of
beta receptor manipulation on ischemic preconditioning. FASEB 1997;
11(3): A72.
- Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB, Saltman AE, Levitsky S. Dobutamine preconditioning
reduces infarct size, but has detrimental mechanical and electrical
effects. FASEB 1997; 11(3): A73.
- Horimoto H, Krukenkamp IB, Saltman AE, Gaudette GR, Levitsky S. The
L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway is involved in the preconditioning response
of rabbit hearts treated with nicorandil. Circulation 1997; 96: I-3852.
- Gaudette GR, Chiang FP, Todaro J, Krukenkamp IB. A novel technique
for measuring epicardial deformation with high spatial resolution. Biophysical
Journal 1999; 76: A309.
- Gao J, Wang Y, Mathias R, Cohen I, Krukenkamp IB, Baldo G, Gaudette
GR, Zuckerman J. Low concentrations of dihydroouabain (DHO) stimulates
the Na/K pump in human, canine, and guinea pig cardiac myocytes. Biophysical
Journal 1999; 76: A309.
- Wu J-Y, Cohen IS, Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB, Zuckerman J, Yu H.
Is If the only pacemaker current in mammalian atrial myocytes? Biophysical
Journal 1999; 76: A309.
- Matsuyama N, Leavens JE, McKinnon D, Gaudette GR, Aksehirli TO, Krukenkamp
IB. Ischemic but not pharmacological preconditioning requires protein
synthesis. Circulation 1999; 100: I-388.
- Horimoto H, Saltman AE, Gaudette GR, Nakai Y, Sasaki S, Krukenkamp
IB. The nitric oxide generating–blocker nipradilol preconditions
the heart through a NO-cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism. Circulation 1999;
100: I-596.
- Gaudette GR, Todaro J, Chiang FP, Krukenkamp IB. Assessing ventricular
mechanics with computer aided speckle interferometry. Annals of Biomedical
Engineering 2000; 28: S-58.
- Mieno S, Horimoto H, Sawa Y, Nakai Y, Nakahara K, Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp
IB. Ischemic preconditioning on failed heart does not afford myoprotection
due to downregulation of beta-adrenergic receptor. Circulation 2000;
102 (18): II-580.
- Tracz M, Gaudette GR, Shulimovich M, Murtha J, Matsuyama N, Krukenkamp
IB. Bcl-2 expression is upregulated in ischemic preconditioning. Circulation
2000; 102 (18): II-581.
- Gao J, Cohen IS, Mathias RT, Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB. Metabolic
inhibition by NaCN does not activate KATP current in guinea pig ventricular
myocytes. Biophysical Journal 2001; 80(1): 637.
- Gaudette GR, Todaro J, Krukenkamp IB, Chiang FP. Measuring epicardial
deformation in the regionally ischemic rabbit heart. Annals of Biomedical
Engineering 2001; 29: S-80.
- Irie H, Ibrahimi A, Abumrad N, Gaudette GR, Saltman AE, Goodman MA,
Krukenkamp IB. Fatty acid transport via CD36 is an important mediator
of ischemic tolerance in the murine heart. Circulation 2001; 104: II-474.
- Gaudette GR, Gao J, Cohen IS, Mathias RT, Krukenkamp IB. Ischemic
preconditioning protects the heart from membrane current changes due
to ischemia. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2002; 39:
323A.
- Tselentakis EV, Gaudette GR, Saltman AE. Inflammation depresses electrical
conductance in normal heart tissue. Annals of Biomedical Engineering
2002; in press.
- Gaudette GR, Azeloglu AE, Oleszak L, Ferreri SL, Saltman AE, Krukenkamp
IB, Chiang FP. Determination of myocardial function with high spatial
resolution in the regionally ischemic beating rabbit heart. Annals of
Biomedical Engineering 2002; in press.
- Gaudette GR, Azeloglu EA, Saltman AE, Krukenkamp IB, Chiang FP. Determination
of regional function with high spatial resolution in the regionally
ischemic heart. Circulation 2002; in press.
- Irie H, Gao J, Gaudette GR, Cohen IS, Mathias RT, Krukenkamp IB.
Both metabolic inhibition and mitochondrial KATP channel opening are
myoprotective and initiate a compensatory sarcolemmel outward membrane
current. Circulation 2002; in press.
- Saltman AE, Tselentakis EV, Gaudette GR, Krukenkamp IB. Inflammation
and Atrial Fibrillation: Arachidonic acid decreases atrial conduction
velocity in a fiber orientation dependent manner. Circulation 2002;
in press.
Patents
- Biodegradable Polymer Device for Preventing Atrial Fibrillation (in
progress – with W. Chen, Y. Yun, A. Saltman, H. Jiang). This device
will release anti-inflamatory agents to specific tissues of interest.
Courses
- BME 440 Design in Biomedical Engineering
- BME 441 Senior Design Project (In Development)
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